Reported Speech

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Discurso informado (habla indirecta)

Si informamos lo que ha dicho otra persona, generalmente no usamos las palabras exactas del hablante (habla directa), sino el habla indirecta. Por lo tanto, debe aprender a transformar el habla directa en discurso indirecto. La estructura es un poco diferente dependiendo de si desea transformar una declaración, pregunta o solicitud.

Declaraciones

Al transformar las declaraciones, verifique si debe cambiar:

• pronombres
• verbos en tiempo presente (tercera persona en singular)
• expresiones de lugar y tiempo
• tiempos (retroceso)

Tipo	Ejemplo
Discurso directo	"Yo hablo inglés."
discurso informado (sin cambio de retroceso)	Él dice que él habla inglés.
discurso informado (cambio de vuelta)	Dijo que hablaba inglés.

→  más sobre declaraciones en el discurso informado

Preguntas

Al transformar las preguntas, verifique si debe cambiar:

• pronombres
• verbos en tiempo presente (tercera persona en singular)
• expresiones de lugar y tiempo
• tiempos (retroceso)

También tenga en cuenta que debe:

• transforma la pregunta en una pregunta indirecta
• usa el interrogativo o  si  /  si

Tipo		Ejemplo
con interrogativo	Discurso directo	"¿Por qué no hablas inglés?"
	discurso indirecto	Él me preguntó por qué no hablaba inglés.
sin interrogativo	Discurso directo	"¿Habla usted Inglés?"
	discurso indirecto	Me preguntó si / si hablaba inglés.

→  más sobre preguntas en el habla indirecta

Peticiones

Al transformar las preguntas, verifique si debe cambiar:

• pronombres
• expresiones de lugar y tiempo

Tipo	Ejemplo
Discurso directo	"Carol, habla inglés".
discurso indirecto	Le dijo a Carol que hablara inglés.

→  más sobre las solicitudes en el habla indirecta

Información adicional y excepciones

Además de las reglas básicas mencionadas anteriormente, hay otros aspectos que debe tener en cuenta, por ejemplo:

• principales cláusulas relacionadas con  y  /  pero
• tiempo de la cláusula introductoria
• discurso reportado para tiempos difíciles
• excepciones para cambio de espalda
• Las solicitudes con el  mosto ,  debe ,  debe  y  vamos

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech#exercises
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https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reported_speech/reported-speech-reporting/15535



https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reported_speech/reported-speech-preintermediate/41324












https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reported_speech_-_statements/reported-speech-indirect/87130






https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reported_speech_-_questions/reported-speech-reported/87164










https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/a_science_lesson/reported-speech-intermediate/8807




https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reported_speech_cards/reported-speech-upperintermediate/22788









https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/lunch_time/reported-speech-preintermediate/8811


























https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/indirect_speech/reported-speech-people/46543





https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reported_speech/reported-speech-indirect/93049







https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reported_speech_cards/reported-speech-intermediate/22791



https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reporting_verbs/verb-patterns-intermediate/4603


https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/reported_speech/reported-speech-reported/37938































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Discurso indirecto

Haga clic aquí para obtener una lista de los ejercicios de habla informados.
Haga clic aquí para descargar esta explicación en PDF.

Declaraciones reportadas

When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said.

Watch my reported speech video: 

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. (Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell'.) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

• Direct speech: I like ice cream.
• Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.

(As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

• Direct speech: I like ice cream.
• Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

Tense	Direct Speech	Reported Speech
present simple	I like ice cream	She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous	I am living in London	She said (that) she was living in London.
past simple	I bought a car	She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car.
past continuous	I was walking along the street	She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
present perfect	I haven't seen Julie	She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*	I had taken English lessons before	She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
will	I'll see you later	She said (that) she would see me later.
would*	I would help, but..”	She said (that) she would help but...
can	I can speak perfect English	She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
could*	I could swim when I was four	She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
shall	I shall come later	She said (that) she would come later.
should*	I should call my mother	She said (that) she should call her mother
might*	I might be late	She said (that) she might be late
must	I must study at the weekend	She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend

* doesn't change.

Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense):

• Direct speech: The sky is blue.
• Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

Click here for a mixed tense exercise about practise reported statements.
Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about questions?

• Direct speech: Where do you live?

How can we make the reported speech here?

In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the same, and we keep the question word. The very important thing though is that, once we tell the question to someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal positive sentence. A bit confusing? Maybe this example will help:

• Direct speech: Where do you live?
• Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.

Do you see how I made it? The direct question is in the present simple tense. We make a present simple question with 'do' or 'does' so I need to take that away. Then I need to change the verb to the past simple. 

Another example:

• Direct speech: Where is Julie?
• Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.

The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of the present simple of be by inverting (changing the position of)the subject and verb. So, we need to change them back before putting the verb into the past simple.

Here are some more examples:

Direct Question	Reported Question
Where is the Post Office, please?	She asked me where the Post Office was.
What are you doing?	She asked me what I was doing.
Who was that fantastic man?	She asked me who that fantastic man had been.

So much for 'wh' questions. But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no' question? We don't have any question words to help us. Instead, we use 'if':

• Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?
• Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

No problem? Here are a few more examples:

Direct Question	Reported Question
Do you love me?	He asked me if I loved him.
Have you ever been to Mexico?	She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
Are you living here?	She asked me if I was living here.

Click here to practise reported 'wh' questions.
Click here to practise reported 'yes / no' questions.

Reported Requests

There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:

• Direct speech: Close the window, please
• Or: Could you close the window please?
• Or: Would you mind closing the window please?

All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive':

• Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.

Here are a few more examples: 

Direct Request	Reported Request
Please help me.	She asked me to help her.
Please don't smoke.	She asked me not to smoke.
Could you bring my book tonight?	She asked me to bring her book that night.
Could you pass the milk, please?	She asked me to pass the milk.
Would you mind coming early tomorrow?	She asked me to come early the next day.

To report a negative request, use 'not':

• Direct speech: Please don't be late.
• Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.

Reported Orders

And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example:

• Direct speech: Sit down!

In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' instead of 'ask':

• Reported speech: She told me to sit down.

Direct Order	Reported Order
Go to bed!	He told the child to go to bed.
Don't worry!	He told her not to worry.
Be on time!	He told me to be on time.
Don't smoke!	He told us not to smoke.

• Click here for an exercise to practise reported requests and orders.

Time Expressions with Reported Speech

Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time expressions too. We don't always have to do this, however. It depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech.

For example:

It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today".

If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today".
If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday".
If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday".
If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day".

So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct speech was said.

Here's a table of some possible conversions:

now	then / at that time
today	yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday	the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night	the night before, Thursday night
last week	the week before / the previous week
tomorrow	today / the next day / the following day / Friday

• Click here for an exercise about using 'say' and 'tell'.
• Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech.html
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We also change some expressions of time and place.
Direct	reported	Direct	reported
now	then	Today, tonight	That day, that night
tomorrow	The next day	yesterday	The day before
Last week, month, year	The previous day, month year	Next week, month, year	The following day, month year
tonight	That night	here	There
this	that	these	those

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Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns in some sentences.

1. She said, "Go upstairs."
   → She told me to go upstairs.
2. "Close the door behind you," he told me.
   → He told me to close the door behind me.
3. "Don't be late," he advised us.
   → He advised us not to be late.
4. "Stop staring at me," she said.
   → She told him to stop staring at her.
5. "Don't be angry with me," he said.
   → He asked her not to be angry with him.
6. "Leave me alone," she said.
   → She told me to leave her alone.
7. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us.
   → She warned us not to drink and drive.
8. "John, deja de fumar", dijo.
   → Ella le dijo a John  que dejara de fumar.
9. "No te preocupes por nosotros", dijeron.
   → Le dijeron que  no se preocupara por ellos.
10. "Encuéntrame en el cine". él dijo.
    → Me pidió  que lo encontrara en el cine.

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?09
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