DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE CHILDHOOD
Into the childhood, we can
find tree different stages which are importart because as a teacher we need to
keep in mind what are their changes and how to help them to develop their skill
acording their age.
1. Toddler: from 1 to 3 years old.
3. Middle childhood.: 6
to 9 years old
THEORIES
Jean Piaget, in the cognitive (thought)
development theory, includes the following:
- Early use of
instruments or tools
- Following visual
(then later, invisible) displacement (moving from one place to another) of
objects
- Understanding that
objects and people are there even if you can't see them (object and people
permanence)
Erik H. Erikson's personal-social development
theory says the toddler stage represents Autonomy (independence) vs. Shame or
Doubt. The child learns to adjust to society's demands, while trying to
maintain independence and a sense of self.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
- Stands alone well by 12 months
- Walks well by 12 -
15 months (if the child is not walking by 18 months, he or she should be
evaluated by a health care provider)
- Learns to walk
backwards and up steps with help at about 16 - 18 months
- Throws a ball
overhand and kicks a ball forward at about 18 - 24 months
- Jumps in place by
about 24 months
- Rides a tricycle
and stands briefly on one foot by about 36 months
FINE MOTOR SKILLS (use of small muscles in hands
and fingers)
- Makes tower of
three cubes by around 15 months
- Scribbles by 15 - 18 months
- Can use spoon and
drink from a cup by 24 months
- Can copy a circle
by 36 months
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
- Uses 2 - 3 words
(other than Mama or Dada) at 12 - 15 months
- Understands and
follows simple commands ("bring to Mommy") at 14 - 16 months
- Names pictures of
items and animals at 18 - 24 months
- Points to named
body parts at 18 - 24 months
- Begins to say his
or her own name at 22 - 24 months
- Combines 2 words at
16 to 24 months -- there is a range of ages at which children are first
able to combine words into sentences; if a toddler cannot do so by 24
months, parents should consult their health care provider
- Knows gender and
age by 36 months
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- Indicates some
needs by pointing at 12 - 15 months
- Looks for help when
in trouble by 18 months
- Helps to undress
and put things away by 18 - 24 months
- Listens to stories
when shown pictures and can tell about immediate experiences by 24 months
- Can engage in
pretend play and simple games by 24 - 36 months
BEHAVIOR
It is important for a child to learn from
experiences and to be able to rely on consistent boundaries between acceptable
and unacceptable behaviors.
References: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002010.htm
Into the childhood, we can
find tree different stages which are importart because as a teacher we need to
keep in mind what are their changes and how to help them to develop their skill
acording their age.
1. Toddler: from 1 to 3 years old.
2. Early childchood: 4 to 5 years old
3. Middle childhood.: 6
to 9 years old
THEORIES
Jean Piaget, in the cognitive (thought)
development theory, includes the following:
- Early use of
instruments or tools
- Following visual
(then later, invisible) displacement (moving from one place to another) of
objects
- Understanding that
objects and people are there even if you can't see them (object and people
permanence)
Erik H. Erikson's personal-social development
theory says the toddler stage represents Autonomy (independence) vs. Shame or
Doubt. The child learns to adjust to society's demands, while trying to
maintain independence and a sense of self.
These milestones are typical of children in the
toddler stages. Some variation is normal. If you have questions about your
child's development, contact your health care provider.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
The following are signs of expected physical
development in a toddler:
GROSS MOTOR SKILLS (use of large muscles in the
legs and arms)
- Stands alone well by 12 months
- Walks well by 12 -
15 months (if the child is not walking by 18 months, he or she should be
evaluated by a health care provider)
- Learns to walk
backwards and up steps with help at about 16 - 18 months
- Throws a ball
overhand and kicks a ball forward at about 18 - 24 months
- Jumps in place by
about 24 months
- Rides a tricycle
and stands briefly on one foot by about 36 months
FINE MOTOR SKILLS (use of small muscles in hands
and fingers)
- Makes tower of
three cubes by around 15 months
- Scribbles by 15 - 18 months
- Can use spoon and
drink from a cup by 24 months
- Can copy a circle by 36 months
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
- Uses 2 - 3 words
(other than Mama or Dada) at 12 - 15 months
- Understands and
follows simple commands ("bring to Mommy") at 14 - 16 months
- Names pictures of
items and animals at 18 - 24 months
- Points to named
body parts at 18 - 24 months
- Begins to say his
or her own name at 22 - 24 months
- Combines 2 words at
16 to 24 months -- there is a range of ages at which children are first
able to combine words into sentences; if a toddler cannot do so by 24
months, parents should consult their health care provider
- Knows gender and
age by 36 months
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- Indicates some
needs by pointing at 12 - 15 months
- Looks for help when
in trouble by 18 months
- Helps to undress
and put things away by 18 - 24 months
- Listens to stories
when shown pictures and can tell about immediate experiences by 24 months
- Can engage in pretend play and simple games by 24 - 36 months
BEHAVIOR
Toddlers are always trying to be more
independent. This creates not only special safety concerns, but discipline
challenges. The child must be taught -- in a consistent manner -- the limits of
appropriate vs. inappropriate behavior.
When toddlers try out activities they can't
quite do yet, they can get frustrated and angry. Breath-holding, crying,
screaming, and temper tantrums may be daily occurrences.
It is important for a child to learn from
experiences and to be able to rely on consistent boundaries between acceptable
and unacceptable behaviors.
References: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002010.htm
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